Examples:
1. A man spoke to us. The man was wearing
a green suit. --->
A man who (that*) was wearing a green suit
spoke to us.
The sentence with who has an adjective clause: who was wearing a green suit. In the clause, who is the subject. The clause modifies (describes, explains, specifies) the subject of the sentence: a man.
2. The new car is parked outside. The new car
belongs to Bob. --->
The new car that (which*) is parked outside
belongs to Bob.
The sentence with that has an adjective clause: that is parked outside. In the clause, that is the subject, and the clause modifies the subject of the main sentence: the new car.
Special Notes:
1. Adjective clauses come after the nouns that they modify:
wrong: A man was wearing a green suit who spoke to us.
right: A man who was wearing a green suit spoke to us.
wrong: The new car belongs to Bob that is parked outside.
right: The new car that is parked outside belongs to Bob.
2. Do not use both a subject pronoun and a relative pronoun:
wrong: A man who he was wearing a green suit spoke to us.
right: A man who was wearing a green suit spoke to us.
wrong: The new car that it is parked outside belongs to Bob.
right: The new car that is parked outside belongs to Bob.
3. The relative pronouns who and that are used to refer to people, but who is more common.
4. The relative pronouns that and which are used to refer to things, but that is more common.
5. The relative pronoun that cannot be used in nonrestrictive (non defying) clauses
6. Adjective clauses are sometimes described as dependent clauses because they make no sense by themselves: they need the words of the main sentences to which they are attached in order to show complete thoughts.
taken from:
http://www.eslcafe.com/grammar/adjective_clauses02.html
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